The Ottoman-German Political Stance on the Great Arab Revolt (1908-1918): A study through the Egyptian Press
Abstract
The Arab countries were under Ottoman rule from 1517 until the First World War (1914). During this period, the Arabs were subjected to persecution and oppression, especially in the Hijaz and the Levant, where the Turks implemented a policy of Turkification to subjugate the Arabs. However, the Arabs resisted this policy and sought to escape Ottoman rule. After Turkey joined the Axis Powers alongside Germany in the First World War, the suffering of the Arabs increased because of this alliance. Consequently, Sharif Hussein bin Ali and his sons adopted the idea of Arab nationalism and unity to confront the Turks, and they declared a revolt against Turkish rule in the Hijaz. The Arab army, led by Prince Faisal bin Hussein, joined the British army to liberate the Levant. These events led to political stances from the German and Ottoman allies. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the German-Ottoman alliance on Arab relations in the coalition. Additionally, this study highlights the role of this anti-Arab alliance in the emergence and development of the Arab nationalist movement against the Turkish colonizer. This study is new in its subject matter because most of the research on the history of the Great Arab Revolt has focused solely on the causes, events, outcomes, and Arab and British reactions to the revolt, without addressing the opposing stance of the German-Ottoman alliance.
Keywords: Ottomans; Germans, revolution, Sharif Hussein, Hijaz, political stance.
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